#8 make up

Since the end of the 18th century in England, M. Wollstonecraft wrote the book and raised the banner of the liberal women's movement, feminism reflects various ideologies and interests to this day, and is an independent political ideology. This concept has been developed. Traditional philosophy and ideologies did not seriously reflect women's interests, identities, and interests. In addition, women have been discriminated against and suppressed by dismissing the way women exist, think, and act as inferior to that of men. Feminists have contributed to the construction of a democratic society where women's freedom and dignity are respected by resisting this masculine way of thinking and system.

Feminism is a complex political ideology that encompasses various positions that even conflict. Liberal feminism argues that women should have equal educational and career choices as men because women have the same rights. Marxist feminism believes that women can enjoy equal status with men only if they are largely incorporated into the working class and socialized by domestic work and childrearing. Radical feminists insist that sexual factors such as childbirth and parenting should be considered as the main culprit behind women's servitude and that patriarchal culture and families should be dismantled.

Psychoanalytic feminists also analyze the experiences of childhood that made others considerate before themselves make women subordinate. They think that the strength of women who can build deep relationships with others is their greatest weakness. It means that they are trained to take the needs of men first, rather than their needs and desires, and are willing to assume a “willing” subordinate position. And postmodern feminism rejects the traditional philosophy of pursuing a single truth and theory and welcomes the coexistence of various voices within feminism.

Despite this internal diversity, feminism has some degree of unity in that it reveals the various ways in which women are discriminated against and oppressed because they are women, and explores the desirable order in which women can enjoy equal justice, freedom, and equality with men. They have the various positions within feminism reflect different perceptions and assessments of the main causes and structures of women's discrimination, and most feminists embody the values ​​of human dignity in bisexual relationships, a democracy that allows men and women to mutually respect and coexist. We gather our will to build a society.

Incel is an abbreviation for involuntary celibate in English, which is a man who wants to have a relationship with a woman but cannot.

Incel is one of the various trends within the male movement, looking at the relationship between the opposite sex from the perspective of male supremacy. According to them, sexual intercourse is a right given to men, and a woman's refusal is a violation of the basic rights of men. Women's right to self-determination is an impure idea that violates men's rights. Hence, the hate of women who have rejected themselves is a natural consequence of this movement.

If there is a male movement needed in this era, it will be a movement that resists the ideology that forces dichotomous masculinity. There is a need for the movement against confining men to restricted sex roles and gender regulations. Obviously, the men's movement aimed at feminism as an enemy does not help men. Man's dignity will be preserved when fighting with women for a world without gender discrimination against all oppression, including the oppression of women.

Post No. 8

For me personally, my favorite two guest lectures were Mary Stegmaier and Peter Motavalli. Starting with Mary Stegmaier, it was very interesting to hear her talk about her time as an intern for a company in Barcelona. This was due to the fact that I myself had actually studied abroad in Spain just the semester before albeit in a different city; Seville. Her experience and mine could not be more different even though were in the same country in a couple of its biggest cities. She was in the North of Spain, in Catalonia, which is more akin to the rest of northern and western European culture whereas I was living in Andalusia, the southernmost region of Spain which is more similar to Mediterranean culture and very laid back. She described her experience there as sounding very formal and business oriented, which sounds about right for the North of Spain. My experience was very relaxing; people walked slow, businesses operated whenever they chose to, and there were no hard deadlines for anything. For me, this really shows how remarkably different the the cultures of different regions can be within a country can be despite being being only hours apart. 

Peter Movalli's lecture about the indigenous community he became close with in rural British Columbia, Canada was especially eye-opening to me. To me, it seemed like despite being a white man from, the midwest, he was able to successfully immerse himself in a culture that couldn't be more different from his own simply by trying to live among them and understand them for his own research purposes. When they discovered the remains of a long dead tribal member in under the shore of the lake, it seemed like something out of a movie. It is crazy to me how much we can learn about the past through archaeology. The thing that stood out most to me, however, were the burial traditions of the locals. What they did with the remains of the tribal members in order to get to their version of the afterlife is something that would be considered desecration in the Irish Roman Catholic culture I was raised in, but to me it seemed so beautiful and respectful. 

I initially picked Panama just because I knew it was in Central America due to the Panama Canal. There was literally nothing else I remembered about the country other than my eighth grade social studies teacher telling us that when the CIA was trying to capture Manuel Noriega, they blasted "Panama" by Van Halen at a high volume outside of his compound for days until he finally came out to be arrested. What I actually learned was a long pattern of American interference in the Central American nation going back over a hundred years. What I also learned about was the treatment of the indigenous people by the government, which isn't great. I also learned a much more in depth history of the country's defining feature, the Canal. All I really knew about the Canal was what my grandpa told me family when he was stationed there during his Navy years. The conflict over the ownership of the Panama Canal between the United States and Panama is representative of more than just the Canal, but over the ideals of self determination in a country that has been subject to foreign interference for much of its history.

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Post No. 4

It has become evident that we are in the midst of a climate crisis. At the moment, our planet is facing numerous threats, including but not limited to air pollution, water pollution, illegal dumping, light pollution, soil pollution, and noise pollution. All of these effect the environment in a major way. Air pollution is the biggest problem we are facing right now. Cars, factories, and several other factories have led to our air quality being reduced, holes being put in the ozone layer, and the overall warming of the globe which leads to its own slew of problems such as the melting of the polar ice caps and climate change.

Just a couple weeks ago our class discussed the inevitable flooding of the nation of Kiribati, an island archipelago in the middle of the Pacific Ocean that is slowly being swallowed up by the rising waters. Likewise, we are starting to experience more hurricanes and other forms of natural disasters than ever before. Illegal dumping in the oceans has also caused a marked decrease in marine life, as many of the ocean's animals struggle to hunt for prey in an increasingly polluted natural habitat. In the Pacific Ocean there also exists two massive garbage clumps, a result of America and Asia's pollution converging in the ocean. They are each roughly the size of the State of Texas and early impossible to clean up. Obviously, it is difficult to regulate this on a local scale, so it is impossible to heal the planet on a global scale. Despite guidelines and regulations from the United Nations, the countries that do the most polluting in the world have zero obligation to follow them. There are no consequences for disobeying pollution regulations and even if there were, for example, financial punitive measures such as embargoes or fines, the companies and countries that are committing the pollution would almost certainly rather just accept their punishment and continue dumping. China, for example, is the world's largest polluter. They produce pretty much everything in the world, so it is no surprise that they also produce the most material waste. Their factories also produce an enormous amount of smog. In fact, more than 50% of the air pollution, or smog in the San Francisco Bay Area is actually air pollution that comes directly from Chinese factories.

In America, the federal government is essentially just turning a blind eye towards pollution. Upon taking office in 2017, President Donald Trump chose a cabinet comprised of climate change deniers. Trump, along with many other top Republican officials around the country insist that the idea of climate change is a hoax created by the Democratic Party to hurt American businesses. He selected Scott Pruitt as head of the Environmental Protection Agency. Pruitt himself claims that climate change is a hoax and has actually sued the EPA over a dozen times as a lobbyist for the fossil fuel industry.

In order for the world to actually come together to defeat climate change, there has to actually be serious consequence for companies and countries who continue to ravage the planet instead of simple slaps on the wrist. Likewise, there ought to be financial incentives for countries to want to be more green.

In Panama, the issue with pollution is very serious as a country that relies heavily upon the sea for nearly all of its industry. The only real business enterprises outside of the oceans are the fact that the nation is a tax haven. A few years ago, Greenpeace launched a campaign to help save the whales in Panama. On nearly every block of Panama city in 2014, there were murals, billboards, and street art celebrating whales and raising awareness of ocean pollution, something the Panamanian government has been guilty of in the past.

BLOG Post #4 due Sunday, 3/1

Read on Canvas-On Sustainability-Moral Ground-Watt-Cloutier (pp. 25-29). 

1. Assuming we all agree that we have a moral obligation to take action to protect the future of a planet in peril, what should these actions look like? What is being done by world leaders? Is there consensus?
2. Are any other environmental groups working in your region? What is Greenpeace doing in your region? 
3. Larsen talk: 

For many Indigenous societies, places have “agency.” (The etymology of the word “Indigenous” means “to be of a place.”) Places have power and personality. They can speak, create, and teach. Places are sometimes seen as Elders from deep in totemic genealogies through which humans and nonhumans are related. 

How would Larsen respond to the claim that a place has agency? Why? 

How do you understand that concept? 

Post No. 3

Like many western nations at the moment, Panama is currently experiencing a surge in nationalist sentiments. Nationalism, according to the dictionary is "identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations." In certain countries, "nationalism" is an understatement. Unlike many other countries, however, the sentiment of nationalism is nothing new is Panama. The interference of many foreign countries in Panama's history has led to a sense of distrust and dislike towards many other countries, especially the United States. France was the first nation to begin constructing the famous Panama Canal in the late nineteenth century, immediately followed by Colombia. The United States, fresh off of a victory against Spain after the Spanish American War Since the erection of the Panama Canal by the United States in 1914, there has been an underlying sense of hostility from many Panamanians towards the United States government.

The United States, having constructed the Panama Canal, enjoyed the benefits of it more than Panama, the original owner of the land as the land was declared legally United States territory. The animosity between the two nations over the issue of the Panama Canal came to a head for the first time in 1956 after then President of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the waterway, taking the ownership away from France and England for the first time in nearly one hundred years and causing an international crisis. France and England, not willing to be humiliated by Nasser, invaded Egypt with their local ally Israel, who was more than willing to go to war with their Arabic neighbor. Facing intense pressure from the United States and Soviet Russia, France, England, and Israel were forced to withdraw. Following the Suez Canal Crisis, a conference was called in which Egypt emerged victorious. As the Suez and Panama Canal are often compared, the victory for self-determination by the Egyptians gave the Panamanians hope. These hopes, however, would continue to be squandered by both the United States and Panamanian governments for years to come.

" The Egyptian nationalization of the Suez Canal in 1956 raised new hopes in the republic, because the two canals were frequently compared in the world press. Despite Panama's large maritime fleet (the sixth greatest in the world), Britain and the United States did not invite Panama to a special conference of the major world maritime powers in London to discuss Suez. Expressing resentment, Panama joined the communist and neutral nations in a rival Suez proposal.

United States secretary of state John Foster Dulles's unqualified statement on the Suez issue on September 28, 1956 — that the United States did not fear similar nationalization of the Panama Canal because the United States possessed "rights of sovereignty" there — worsened matters."

Panama would not receive ownership of the Panama Canal until December 31st, 1999.

Inequality still remains to be a major issue in Panama, however the situation has improved a great deal in recent years. Despite past economic hardship, the economy of Panama has done well in the last couple decades, primarily due to their highly international economy. In conjunction with their ownership of the panama canal, many businesses are based in Panama City due to its reputation as a tax haven.

"In the last 25 years, Panama has witnessed the highest economic growth in Latin America and foresees a prosperous future. However, analysts at the International Monetary Fund point out a problem in the country: there is inequality. The evidence confirms that it is not necessarily a problem because inequality is not synonymous with poverty."

"In 2010, 22% of the population of Panama was poor. The figure dropped to 13% in 2018, and the trend continues. In the last four years, 150,000 citizens have come out of poverty amid the arrival of 94,000 Venezuelan migrants in a country that has four million inhabitants."

Panama has a GINI index of 49.2. For Comparison, the United States has a GINI index of 34.8. While the country still has its fair share of inequality, they have been pretty successful economically since their acquisition of the Panama Canal in 1999.

post 7

Biopolitics is the study of the very specific cross section where biology and politics meet. This is an incredibly niche area of study, however the presence of both biology and politics intersect much more than one would assume. This is an important field of study, as government politics directly interfere with human life. This can range from the mild to extreme. An early example of biopolitics could be the employment of eugenics, which, according to the dictionary, is the study of how to arrange reproduction within a human population to increase the occurrence of heritable characteristics regarded as desirable. Many governmental bodies, including the United States of America utilized eugenics programs up until the mid-twentieth century, sterilizing many ethnic minorities and people with disabilities who were considered inferior by government standards. Some countries, such as Nazi Germany, went even farther with this, executing their undesirable ethnic minorities and disabled folks. A more mild and contemporary example of biopolitics can be observed in modern day health care systems. While most first world countries in this day and age adhere to a single payer system, also known as universal healthcare, the United States of America has a private system, where health insurance coverage is determined by your job and level of income. Those who have better paying jobs or work for the government generally have access to better healthcare whereas those who work minimum wage or blue collar jobs typically have to settle for cheaper healthcare options with less coverage. This is a huge point of contention for many liberals and conservatives. Many of those on the right argue that under a private healthcare system, citizens have more choice over who is taking care of them. Those on the left side of the aisle argue that Americans pay much more to their insurance companies than they would under a single payer system, but receive worse healthcare coverage despite this. Also, there are over forty-four million Americans who do not have insurance, nearly fifteen percent of the country’s entire population. These statistics can be incredibly concerning, especially in a global pandemic situation that we are experiencing right now. Due to an alarming amount of uninsured Americans, it is for certain many people in our country would be much less likely to go to a doctor or emergency room in the event of them thinking that they might be infected with the virus. Going to a medical practitioner or emergency room is already astronomically expensive for those who do not have insurance, so one cannot even imagine the cost of going to the hospital for the treatment of a deadly infectious disease without insurance. Already there have been reports of uninsured Americans receiving staggering bills for their treatment of the coronavirus, and studies show that going to the hospital uninsured with coronavirus will put Americans in serious medical debt. 

“Those who are hospitalized with coronavirus can expect to pay anywhere from $42,486 to $74,310 if they are uninsured or if they receive care that’s deemed out-of-network by their insurance company, according to recent analysis by independent nonprofit FAIR Health. For those with insurance who are using in-network providers, out-of-pocket costs will be a portion of $21,936 to $38,755, depending on the cost-sharing provisions of their health plan.”

In this sense, the very wellbeing of humans is being held firmly in the grasp of biopolitics. It is up to our both our political leaders as well as the nation’s top scientists and doctors to not only find a way to combat the virus, but also find a way to make sure every infected American is cared for without sending them into plummeting medical debt. 

 

post #7

There are many different types of viruses. From the plague that swept through medieval Europe to MERS that shook Middle Eastern society in 2015 to the new coronavirus. In addition, numerous infectious diseases such as cholera, smallpox, tuberculosis, and AIDS appear in human history. These viruses would have had significant social and political ramifications at certain times or continuously.

The relationship between viruses and countries differs in many ways from other diseases. In many cases, the role or responsibility of the state in individual diseases is not well important, and blaming the state is often not appropriate. However, when a virus-like Corona turns, the nation is called, whether it is good or bad. Talk about the state’s role and pursue its responsibilities. The virus is not one of many diseases, but a national disaster itself.

The two forms of biopolitics virus during individual body discipline and population control are important risk factors in the latter area. In order to ensure the safety of the entire population, politics must protect the population from hunger and virus. Failure to respond effectively to infectious diseases makes biopolitics difficult to function.

Virus are accompanied by psychological disasters. The virus spread from person to person. When a virus occurs, people evade the epidemic for self-defense. When the virus spreads, people feel anxious and avoid places where people gather in the mind. Movie theaters and amuse parks are slack, and more schools are closed. The relationship between people and people is broken up, and people are isolated.

An area or place where an epidemic occurs is an unfavorable place and is subject to evasion. In a hospital where an virus patient has gone, the patients escape like a tide. At the time of the Corona pandemic, Korea itself was the subject of evasion, and tourists’ visit to Korea was largely canceled and the travel industry was damaged by a direct hit. Now, on the contrary, China and Italy are the object of evasion.

Politics of containment and exclusion works. The psychology of evading and accusing patients of plagues for harming others justifies the policy of quarantining and excluding them. In the past, when the plague circulated, patients were kept in distant cottages or shelter. Whether it was dead or living there, fate was a matter. Neither the doctor nor the government had anything to do with the disease. The most basic response to the plague was quarantine policy.

Even in the modern virus, the way we respond is unchanged. Patients are unconditionally admitted to the quarantine room and completely blocked outsiders, no family visits, and those who are likely to develop the disease by contact with the patient are registered as self-containment subjects.

Biopolitics, which has been discussed for a long time, refers to the state of modern nations who want to recognize and actively manage population groups as a whole and individual human bodies as a mean to maintain power. The virus poses a serious challenge to this vital power’s population management function. The virus expands when everyday management functions fail, while the virus increases the likelihood that the management will be further damaged.

From the standpoint of biopolitics, the virus must be a hostile being that must be managed and controlled. Modern countries have introduced various methods and prepared various devices to manage the virus. The development of medicine greatly contributed to the operation of this vital power and at some point came to believe that the virus was conquered. However, the emergence and virus was enough to shake this belief.

In the case of an virus emergency, the epidemic operates. When the epidemic is activated, the patient is recognized as a perpetrator or criminal, and containment and devices are activated. The patient’s every move is subject to surveillance, and everything related to the patient-the items handled, the space passed through becomes unsuccessful. The increasing number of patients is called by serial number, and the patient’s uniform is recognized as a prison uniform.

Blog #4

Our moral obligations to take action for the future of our planet would mostly just look like not contributing to it. Most of us are not millionaires or have extreme power where we could pressure politicians or corporations to start sustainable practices. This means we cant make changes on a macro scale. Instead, we can stop our contribution to the problem, and live sustainably in our personal lives. We can make changes on a micro scale, and if enough people take part, our massive amount of micro changes will make a macro change. There isn't enough being done by world leaders. Trump still denies climate change is even a thing. He is loosening restrictions on emissions and overall pollution for huge corporations in the United States. Same with the Chinese and Indian governments. China has air they sometimes can't even breathe because of the amount of pollution in it.

SalvaNATURA is an environmental group out of El Salvador whose mission includes many aims, including implementing sustainable development policies, and protecting and conserving El Salvador's natural areas. Greenpeace El Salvador is mainly just on Facebook. It looks like they are mainly focused on recycling and people getting money for recycling.

Larsen responded to the claim that a place has agency in full support. He felt that the Cheslatta indigenous people, and they land he spent a lot of time on, to be extremely connected to his soul. He understood that Cheslatta lake meant so much to the people and that they all understood from early on, all of their ancestors came from the lake, and all of the creatures around also came from the lake. He felt that the lake was the source of life and it had a certain ancient wisdom about it. Like it had been around for a lot of time.